Specific Core Nursing Content # 6: Patient Care Roles
Clinical Learning Outcomes
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Demonstrate ability to effectively teach patients experiencing psychiatric disorders and their families.
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Plan and evaluate for a continuum of care that provides safety, structure, and support for patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Evaluate the continuum of care for a patient experiencing a psychiatric disorder.
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Refer patients and families to advocacy organizations.
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Assist patients to access self-help groups.
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Discuss significance of role-modeling and identify consequences of healthy nurse self-care vs. avoidance of nurse self-care.
Teaching Strategies
Classroom Teaching Strategies
- Review H. Peplau (1952) Six sub-roles of the psychiatric nurse which can be assumed at various times during a therapeutic relationship. These are: Nurse teacher, Mother surrogate, Technical nurse, Nurse manager, Socializing agent, Counselor/therapist
- Principles of case management.
- Principles of teaching and learning as applied to client education.
- Devising and using a teaching plan.
- Assessing the educational needs of clients.
- The use of role play, simulation.
- Use a Spiritual Assessment Model to complete a personal spiritual assessment in 3-5 pages
a. SAS - Spiritual Assessment Scale (O'Brea), 2014
b. HOPE - Spiritual Assessment Tool - www.aafp.org
c. FICA - https://smhs.gwu.edu/gwish/clinical/fica/spiritual-history-tool
After completing assessment, use the Betty Neuman Systems Model to identify strengths, stressors and nursing diagnoses. - Reflection Paper Assignment - Topic: Compassion Fatiuge; Supporting Myself Spiritually
-Write a personal reflection about Compassion Fatigue. Include 1 scholarly article for support. - Students define Environmental Intelligence and describe how it applies to the nurse-client relationships.
- Teach mindfulness techniques to help students "pause" and be present in situations.
See Beauvais, N., O'Shea, E. and Griffin, M (2011) Emotional Intelligence and nursing performance among nursing students. Nursing Education Today, 31, 396-401. -
Heart Math®:
- Heart Math® is a program designed to build resilience and enhance coping skills in response to stress, challenges, and adversity through self-regulation and the use of biofeedback technology (Institute of Heart Math®, 2014).
- Resilience is defined as the capacity to prepare for, recover from, and adapt in the face of stress, challenge and adversity(Heart Math®, 2014).
- Domains of resilience include: emotional, physical ,spiritual, and mental (Heart Math®,2014).
- Heart Math ® (2014) techniques include: depleting and renewing emotions, worksheet completion, biofeedback, focused breathing and emotional shifting.
- Journal articles to supplement text:
- Koivunen, M., Huhtasalo, J., Makkonen, P., Valimaki, M., Hatonen, H. (2012). Nurses' roles in systematic patient education sessions in psychiatric nursing. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 19 (6), 546–554.
- Herrick, C. A. & Bartlett, R. (2004). Psychiatric nursing case management: past, present, and future. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25(6), 589-602.
Clinical Teaching Strategies
- Discuss the use of patient advocacy groups with clients
- Devise teaching plans for teaching two clients about their medications
- Identify local resources for supporting clients with PMH problems
- Discussion with clinical case managers
- Shadow a Case Manager or Intensive Case Manager
- Develop self-care plan to promote area of self-care/self-improvement. (i.e. set goal to increase nutrition, improve sleep, enhance spirituality, increase exercise, etc.)
- Assign journaling as method to increase emotional intelligence. Build self-awareness and reflective practice skills.
See https://www.tru.ca/disciplines/eng309/nursing/nursing.htm - Students to explore concepts such as Time management, Forgiveness, Gratitude, Conflict resolution, Stress reduction, Cognitive reframing, mindfulness, Physical health, to overall Health and Well-being.
See: Hensel, D and Laux (2014). Longitudinal study of stress, self-care and professional identity among nursing students. Nurse Educator, 39, 227-231.
Regehr, C., Gloney, D. and Pitts, A. (2013). Interventions to reduce stress in university students: A review of meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148 (1), 1-11.
Case Studies
- Write report focusing on client issues that are continually raised at treatment team meetings, such as patient requests that their medication be discontinued.
Simulation Exercises
- Role play or Standardized Patient exercise examining issues related to patient advocacy situations
- Plan workload for nurse with a defined case load.
Assessment Strategies
Assignments with Rubrics
- Devise teaching plan about medications for two clients
- Report on issues raised by clients during treatment team meetings
Clinical Skills Checklist
- Workload planning for case load management (Standard 4. Planning)
- Develop and deliver teaching plan for client (Standard 5B. Health Teaching and Health Promotion)